流傳中國千餘年的傳奇女性，
A legendary woman who have been circulating in China for more than one thousand years.
一位總讓西方人霧裏看花的巾幗英雄
A woman hero that always mystifies westerners, just likes looking flowers through the mist (Mùlán is a kind of flowers in Chinese as well, namely "Magnolia").
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花木蘭 Mulan
Photo by Amazon
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二、〈木蘭辭〉中英賞析 Appreciate "The Ballad of Mùlán"
[第六段 Paragraph 6] 由男變女 Change from man to woman
出門看火伴，火伴皆驚惶。I went out to see my companions; my companions were all astonished.
同行十二年，不知木蘭是女郎。
They said, “Comrades for twelve years, we did not know Mùlán was a woman.”
雄兔腳撲朔，雌兔眼迷離。
The male rabbits roll their feet, while the female look with narrow eyes (It's the way to tell the rabbits' gender).
雙兔傍地走，安能辨我是雄雌?
When both run fast on the ground, how can one tell whether I am male or female then?”
大結局了，木蘭脫掉穿了十多年的戰甲後，穿回女裝並打理一番。原來是因為，門外有她的夥伴啊！（火伴 = 夥伴。事實上以前軍制是同一群士兵須待在同一個灶，大約是露營小營火加鐵鍋，一起吃飯，所以才稱「火伴」）這也應證了上一段木蘭裝扮自己那種從容不迫的神情，這是因為她想給門外與自己同行的士兵們一個驚喜。當然，她要的效果達到了。她的小伙伴們一個個下巴掉到地上撿不起來，他們同行十多年，竟然還認不出她是女兒身。我們先暫時暫停，與之後幾句拆開來分析。到此，韻仍然為「ㄤ」韻，韻腳為「惶、郎」，傳達出歡愉、驚喜之感；修辭方面，運用了頂針（...火伴，火伴...），表現上接下、一氣呵成的連續場景。
會特別分開分析，是因為後幾句語氣、用韻明顯不同。而也就是這幾句類似「點評」的話語，使整篇〈木蘭辭〉終至完整，富有傳奇色彩。如果我們只是純粹的文字釋義，你肯定看不懂，作者（或木蘭）特別形容兔子的形貌，當然你也能從最後一句中明白可能為雄雌之辨。這裡我們先來普及一個科普小常識：如何辨別公兔和母兔？據我們前人的智慧，他們發現，當把兩種兔子的耳朵抓起、懸於半空時，公兔大部分前腳會瘋狂地撲騰、騷動，而母兔則大多會瞇起眼睛。
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| 雄雌兔難辨 Hard to tell rabbits' gender
Photo by 百度
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當我們瞭解這個生活知識後，回過頭看下句頓時就看懂了。作者在這裏刻意先說如何分辨兔子的樣貌，以反襯之後的：當兩隻兔子一起貼地奔跑，沒人知道他們是公或母的情景。而這便是〈木蘭辭〉「畫龍點睛」之筆，即用「不辨雄雌兔」，象徵人們「不辨木蘭是女郎」。如果只是純粹的象徵手法，那還不至於讓它成為名句，這裡還運用了設問中的「激問」：「安能辨我是雄雌？」霎時讓整個氛圍更加生動、傳神，說這話的人可以是木蘭，代表著木蘭對「隱瞞身份成功」的自豪；但我更偏向於說話者為作者，即作者的評語，顯現作者對木蘭整場男裝行動發出的讚嘆。你看這多麽奧妙！末幾句用兩種身份都可解釋得通，或許作者故意使這裡存在兩種身份，讓我們讀起時更添韻味、意味悠長！
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三、結語 Conclusion
〈木蘭辭〉作為北朝樂府的巔峰，傳唱至今，歷久不衰。它不僅是部經典作品，也代表著中國女性的堅忍與勇敢，在千年前便顯現男女之間在本質上不存在不平等差異，女性也可以勇猛、剛強。放觀現代，或許女人已享有更多平等的權利，但木蘭的孝心和勇氣，仍是如此珍貴，值得大家省思。
"The ballad of Mùlán" is the pinnacle of Yuefu in the Northern Dynasty. It is not only a classic work, but represents the perseverance and courage of Chinese women as well. It reveals that before the millennium, there was no inherent inequality between men and women, and women could be brave and strong. Nowadays, perhaps women have shared more equal rights than the past; nevertheless, Mùlán's filial duty and courage are still so precious and worthy of consideration.
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{ 附錄 }
〈木蘭辭〉全文
唧唧複唧唧，木蘭當戶織。不聞機抒聲，惟聞女歎息。
問女何所思，問女何所憶?「女亦無所思，女亦無所憶。
昨夜見軍帖，可汗大點兵。軍書十二卷，卷卷有爺名。
阿爺無大兒，木蘭無長兄，願爲市鞍馬，從此替爺征。」
東市買駿馬，西市買鞍韉，南市買轡頭，北市買長鞭。
朝辭爺孃去，暮宿黃河邊。不聞爺孃喚女聲，但聞黃河流水鳴濺濺。
旦辭黃河去，暮至黑山頭。不聞爺孃喚女聲，但聞燕山胡騎聲啾啾。
萬里赴戎機，關山度若飛，朔氣傳金柝，寒光照鐵衣。將軍百戰死，壯士十年歸。
歸來見天子，天子坐明堂。策勳十二轉，賞賜百千強。
可汗問所欲，「木蘭不用尚書郎，願借明駝千里足，送兒還故鄉。」
爺孃聞女來，出郭相扶將。阿姊聞妹來，當戶理紅妝。小弟聞姊來，磨刀霍霍向豬羊。
開我東閣門，坐我西閣床。脫我戰時袍，著我舊時裳。當窗理雲鬢，對鏡貼花黃。
出門看火伴，火伴皆驚惶。同行十二年，不知木蘭是女郎。
雄兔腳撲朔，雌兔眼迷離。雙兔傍地走，安能辨我是雄雌?
The ballad of Mùlán
Click click click (the weaving sound): Mùlán sat in front of her door weaving. Suddenly, the loom’s resonant sound could not be heard over the girl’s sighs. Asked what thoughts and memories led to this, she said, “ I should have neither thoughts, nor memories. But last night, I saw the military announcement; the khan was calling up soldiers. There were many scrolls of military documents, and all listed father’s name. My father has no grown son, I have no big brother either. I want to buy a saddle and horse, and serve in father’s place.”
In the east market she bought a steed, and in the west market a saddle and saddlecloth; in the south market she bought a bridle, and in the north market she bought a whip. In the morning she took leave of her parents, and by sunset she camped beside the Yellow River. She no longer heard parents’ calling to her; heard only splashing of the river. The following morning she left the Yellow River, and by sunset she had reached Hēishān (Mountain Black). She no longer heard her parents’ calling to her; heard only the neighing of the horses of barbarians at Yānshān (Mountain Yān).
She traveled ten thousand miles to the battlefield, and traversed mountain passes as though flying; night air delivered the sound made by watchman’s rattle (actually an iron pot); moonlight glinted on these soldiers’ armors. Countless generals and soldiers died in hundred of battles; the warriors survived after ten years’ war finally returned. As they returned, “he” (actually “she”) was presented to the emperor sitting in his hall of palace. The Khan recorded “his” (actually “her”) merits at the top of twelve and granted abundant luxury rewards. He asked what “he” (actually “she”) wanted. Mùlán replied, “I don't want to receive any official position; I would only borrow a swift camel that can take me back home.”
When her parents heard that their daughter had returned, they supported each other going outside the town wall to wait her. When her elder sister heard that her younger sister had returned, she stayed inside the door dressing herself up. When her little brother heard that his elder sister had returned, he sharpened a cleaver to slaughter pigs and sheep for a feast. I (This is Mùlán’s saying) opened the door on the east side of my room, and sat on my bed on the west side. I removed my war clothing and donned the dress I had worn of old. I fixed my cloudy hair as I looked in the window, and pasted a flowerlike adornment on my forehead when I looked in the mirror.
I went out to see my companions; my companions were all astonished. They said, “Comrades for twelve years, we did not know Mùlán was a woman.” The male rabbits roll their feet, while the female look with narrow eyes (It's the way to tell the rabbits' gender). When both run fast on the ground, how can one tell whether I am male or female then?”
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By Zoe Li
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